Dowel



June 16, 1931. F. T. BowLER 1,810,749

DowEL Filed Feb. v19. 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY ,win Fig. 2;,

Patented `lune 16, 1931 uNri'sv ifATES rnnnnnicxrriones nov/"Linn, on'irrsannnn PARK, MicHiGAN.

noWnL Appiicaijion .fiiearbruary 19,1929. Yserialinof-aiinee.`

Y i This invention relatesfto a device designed `and adapted to dovvel orpositively anchor yone ormore pieces of Work to a liXturevor base of divers machines or appurtenances,

' and is designedl and' adapted to -supplant the ordinary solid doWel pin. Y rTheprime object of the invention is the provision of a device of the indicatedy character, whereby certainbeneiits and advantages may be had,ainong Which are the 'fol- Ilowing, namely: to VKreduce manufacturing costs to the minimum by savingtime and 1abor in carrying out vdovveling operations; to

avoid scrapping oi'materials; to obviate eX- cessive drilling; to be able lto utilize the same device repeatedly; to facilitate the removal of thedevice Jfoiithe'purpose of separating Vpieces 'of WorkWithout requiring the removal of unWieldly parts or fixtures Jfor eiecting minor repairs, and also for interchanging fixtures and mechanical parts for various purposes yWhenever' the occasion arises.

^ The nature of the invention and its distinguishing 'eaturesand advantages will appear When the following specification is'read in connection With the accompanying drawings, iii Which- Figure 1 illustrates vportons of two 'pieces of Work and the eXpansible bushingiof the 39 device shown in perspective setin alined bores in said'pieces. f Y Fig. 2 is a plan v ievvoi the parts shown inFig. 1. 1. Fig. 3 is a vievv similar lto Fig. 1, but showing the bushing expander or rvarbor and its spring inserted in the bushing, the'expander or larbor being shown in a free position part Way inthe bushing.

"""J the shoWing'inFig. 5.

Fig.7 is a View similar toFig; 6, showing the bushing cap :in place. F ig.. 8 isasectional-view 8--8ofFig.7.vv V ..f

. Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken on the line 9 9,of Figp'; j Fig.`1() is a perspective view ofthe bushing.y s Fig. 11 isla perspective. view oiltliebush-l Fig. "12 .illustratesan assemblagejzor-ithe part-s ofthe device `and the appurtenances :tor locking. the "device in operative position.

- Fig; 13is a view of the lovverkk end of the Wrench used for turning the bushing expanderorarbor. j

Fig. V1lisa :perspective view of the bushing engaging'element used for holding said talren on the liner y busliinglfroin turning While locking the device.

-.xFigglli'sia' plan view of oii'eiendvofz'ithe, tool which cooperates with the velement shown in Figf14 forholding said bushing.; f f '.F-ig. 16' isajview'- illustratingthe manner in Which the vbushing may be lifted out, or ybe Withdrawn from Vassociation With theA Work Figs 17 and 1 8 show modifiedformsof ushings, only portions of the bushings be ing Shown. i j:-

As .b fore stated the device of the ipresent invention-is designed and adapted to loe'utilfl ized for dovvelingfor positively anchoring Vseveral pieces of Work to fasten tlieni together against*relativev movement, and4 said :device also `being readilyl detachable Whenit .is desired to separate fthev pieces `of Workv yWhenever the occasion arises `for anypurpose.L 4In the drawings therev` is shown two'piecsof Work :10 and. 11,A the former representing a Ybase or xturejt'o which the piece: 11 is fast-v en ed or anchored. The pieces 10and11 are provided with bores :12 :and 13 vrespectively. which are of the samediaineter, so-fthat when they'7 are in alineinent-#With each othervvill provide a recess having asinooth interior surtace.. f.The bore 12 has a conical bottom `or end 14v Which serves asa seat.l

" Thede'vi'ce'of Vthe present inventionivhich isintended lto supplant. the ordinary solid dovvelpin, includes a cylindrical and tubular ies element or bushing 15 having a ground finish, and to be made in all standard sizes. The bushing 15 will be made preferably of spring steel, or any other suitable metal having springiness, and said bushing is split longitudinally as indicated at 16. The device also includes an expander or arbor 17 adapted to be inserted into the bushing and to be operated from the exterior of said bushing tol expand the bushing for the purpose of causing impingementof the latter against the walls of the bores in the pieces of work 10 and 11 when said bushing 15 is arranged in said bores. The expander -Or arbor 17 will be made of metal, is quadrilateral in cross section, and has corners 18, either of which is adapted to be disposed in the split 16 in the bushing 15, when the expander or arbor 17 is placed in said bushing 16 as shown in Figs. 3 and 41; said expander or arbor 17 being of such cross sectional shape and size, as to accomplish thisencl. .It is to be understood that `the diameters of the bores 12 and 13 will be slightly larger than the diameter of the bushing in orderthat the latter may be readily inserted into the same. I j Y In order to set up a locking or clamping action of the bushing '15 to dowel or positively anchor the `pieces of work together, and also to release said bushing 15 for the purpose of separating the pieces of work, there is provided means presently to be described. @nev end of thebushing 15 hasr a notch or notches 19. As shown in Fig. 10,

,the bushing 15 is provided withv two notches 19 which are arranged diametrically oppo, site each other out Vrof alinement with the bushing split to eliminate any possible wealtness in orl fracture of said bushing. If desired, the notches 19 may be arranged diagonally in line with the bushing split as shown in Fig. 17, or one notch may be arranged diametrically opposite the bushing split as shown in Fig. 18. One end of the expander or arbor 17 has a ytransverse keyway or groove 20 therein, andthe opposite end has a stud 21 to accommodate one end of a compression spring 22.- Use is madeof ashort cylindrical and tubular element 23. lThe element 23 is equal in diameter to the diameter of the bushing 15. The element 23 has a projection 211- at one end'which is receivable in one of the notches 19 in the bushing 15.; The element 23 also has projections 25 at the opposite end,

and said projections are arranged diametriv cally opposite each other. Use is made of a suitable tool 26 .adapted to cooperate with the element V23 to hold the element against turning movement. The lsaid torolr26 is therefore provided Awith an annular member 27 at each end in thek present instance adapted to fit around the element 23, and said member 27 has notches 28 which respectively receive therein the projections 25 on the element 23. It will now be vunderstood that when the element 23 is associated with the bushing 15. with the projection 24 on the element 23 dis posed in one ot the notches 19 in the bushing 15, and the tool 26 is applied to the element 23 with one of the members 27 surrounding the element 23 with the projections 25 disposed in the notches 28, the bushing 15 may be held against turning movement. Use is also made otra "wrench 29 having a transverse lrey 30 adapted to be received in the lreywaygor groove .20 in the expander or arbor 17. The end of the wrench 29 having the key 30 is adapted to tit in the element 23, and has a'collar 31 to limit the insertion of said key end into said element 23.

It will now be understood that when the bushing 15 is placed in the alined bores 12 and 13 in the pieces of work, and the ex-A pander or arbor 17 is inserted into the bushing 15 with one of the cornerslS disposed in the split 16, as shown most clearly in Figs. 3 and 1, the appurtenances 23, 26 andy 29 may be used iorY the purpose of eiiiectively expanding the bushing 15 to clamp or lock the same to securely dowel or positively anchor the pieces ot' work together. VItpwill be apparent that when the expander or arbor 17 is inserted into the bushing V15. the end of the expander orarbor 17 having the keyway or groove 20 will project beyond the related end of the bushing 15 having the notches 19, ydue to the fact that the spring 22 will be disposed between the seat 14 andthe related end ot the expander or arbor 17 The element 23 may then be associated with the bushing 15, the tool 26 may be applied to the bushing 23, and the wrench 29 may be engaged with the expander or arbor` 17 in the manner explained hereinabove, whereupon the wrench 29 may be turned to impart similar movement to the expander or arbor 17 substantially 120, while the bushing 15 is held against turning movement. The corner 18 previously disposedv in the split 16 together with the other corner 18 and contact surface 18 will act on the inside of the bushing 15 to exert an equaly amount .of pressure in three directions. rlhe bushing 15 is thus expanded in a locked Vposition as shown most clearly in Figs. 5 andv 6. yThe pieces of work 10 and 11 will then be eiiec'tively doweled or positively anchored together..Y

It is to be understood that when locking the bushing 15, slight downward pressure is exerted on the expander or arbor 17 with the wrench 29 to compress the spring'22 and to bring the endet the expander or arbor 17 having the'leyway 2O iiush with the related end of the bushing 15. The friction set up by the three contact surfaces of the expander or arbor 17 on the inside ofthe bushing 16 prevents any possibility of the lspring 22 moving the expander or arbor 17 from the lock-ingposition. Vhen the expander or arbor 17 is in the locking position, its keyway -22 will bein alinement with the notches 19 in the bushing 15. It will vtherefore be apparent that use may be made of alcap 32 having a transverse key 33, the key to be received in the keyway 20 and notches 19, as

shown most clearly in Figs.. 8 andl 9. The` j the bushing 15 the appurtenances 23, 26 and 29 are operatedin the manner explained hereinabove to turn the expander or arbor 17 approximately 12()o in either direction, thereby,

bringing one of the corners 18 of the expander into the bushing splitrlG. VThe expander 17 will then be in its free position, when bothfthe expander 17 and the bushing may be lifted out of the'bores. The spring 22 will force the expander 17 longitudinallyV to a projected position withrespect to the bushingl whenv the expander 17 is in the free position. The expander 17 may then be easily lifted out of the bushing 15. In

order to facilitate the ,removal of the bushing 15, the end opposite that having vthe notches l 19, has notches 34. A pair of spring tongs having laterallyV projecting terminals 36.

may be used for extracting the bushing. 15, by engaging said terminals 36 respectively in said notches 3&1, as shown in Fig. 1G.

It will be apparent that the device conj turnable within said dowel element incontact sists ofthe bushing 15, expander 17, spring 115i 22 and seal or cap 82, the other vparts herein described being used for the purpose of locking or releasing the parts which constitute'the dowel.

It is to be understood that the expander or arbor 17 may be made of triangular stock, or of round stock having three 'latsmachined thereon, providing two c ornersto be slightly surfaced while the remaining corner will f have a considerably larger finishing surface,

so that when the expander or arbor is inserted into the bushing, one corner will pro- Vject into the split in the bushing approxlmately l@ of an inch, to-produce the desired camming action on the bushing when turned to its locking position.` The expander or arbor 17 willhave a three-point Contact, and the fricticnal area of these contact surfaces on the inside of the bushing 15, will be less than the contact area of the outside surface of the bushing with the wall of the hole in y the work, thereby reducing stress required for lockingl or releasing the parts. Y'

The cap 32 is made of a piece of light gage" sheet metal, so designed as to snap into the groove ofk the expand-er 17, and is large enough to coverthe bushing to exclude cuttings or other foreign particles.

I claim: 'i

1. A device for dowelling pieces of work comprising a cylindrical tubular dowelele- Y ment split at one .point longitudinally and adapted to beinserted into and to be expanded and retained in position inalined bores inV said pieces of Worlgan expander adapted to be inserted into said element, said expander having longitudinal4 contact portions, one of said portions being disposable in said split,

whensaid expander is in free position in said element, and means on said expander adapted to receive a suitable tool to'turn said expander to cause said portions to expand said element, for the aforesaid purpose.

- 2. A device for doweling pieces of workl comprising an expansible tubular dowel element adapted to be inserted into alined bores in said pieces of work, an expander shorter than andinsertable linto said element and adapted to be operated from the exterior k.of said element to expand the latter for the aforesaid purpose, andalso to release said element to enable the withdrawal of said-expander and said element, and a spring located at one end of said element to interpose one of said work pieces and said expander to impart endwisejmovement thereto while disposed in said element to cause one end of said expander to project fromv` said element to be grasped when theexpander is in the releasing position, for the purpose' of withdrawing said f' expander from said element.

3. The combination of an expansible tubular dowel element of spring metal having a single longitudinal slot, and an expander therewith, said expander having a longitudinal contact edge movable into and out of said slotby'turning said expander, to expand said element for to allow said element to contract.

4f. The combination of an expansible tubular dowel element having a longitudinal slot,

element in contact therewith, said expander having a longitudinal contact edge movable into and outof-saidrslot by turning said `expander, to expand said element or to allow 105,v andanjexpander turnable within said kdowel said element to contract, said expander being shorter than said element, and means located at one end of said element to interpose said expanderand a piece of work, to impart endwise movement to said expander, to cause the vouter end of theexpan der to project from said element, when the expander is in the releasy ing position, enabling said outer end to be gripped, for the purpose of withdrawing said expander from said element.

FREDERICK THOMAS BowLEn. 

